Wednesday, 8 May 2013

Hortatory Exposition - ayo belajar bahasa inggris

Hortatory Exposition Text

Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition / Struktur :
1. Thesis                    : Statement or announcement of issue concern.
2. Arguments
            : Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation.
3. Recommendation   : Statement of what should or should not happen or be done based on
  the given arguments.

Social Function / Commmunicative Purpose / Tujuan  :
the purpose of this hortatory is influencing and persuading the readers that something should or should not happen by presenting the supporting arguments and giving recommendation.
(to persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case)

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features :
a.        Focus on generic human and non human participants, except for speaker or writer referring to self.
b.        Use of mental processes    : to state what writer feels or thinks about issue (ex : appreciate, realize, provide).
c.        Use of material processes  : to state what happens (ex : drive, travel).
d.       Use of relatonal processes  : to state what is or should be.
e.        Use of Simple Present Tense.

Berikut contoh Hortatory Exposition Text :

Example 1
Media Junkie

Thesis : “Just because you read it in a magazine or see it on a TV screen, don’t make it factual.” Those lines are quoted from one of Michael Jacson’s songs, Tabloid Junkie. When Jacko released the album History, which contains the above song, his relationship with the media was far from line. Michael Jackson has not been the only star who has fretted about his privacy being invaded by the press.
Argument : Regardless of whether he was guilty or not, whether the media was telling the truth or not, media users like us who are the potential target of the media, should make our own judgements. When we talk about media and information, we expect the media to give us true and unbiased information. We expect the media to be as objective as possible. But the reality is things are not always the way we want them to be. The world is not very black and white, it’s mostly grey. Even the truth may be adjustable.
Recommendation : Dealing with something like this, I think we have to rely on one thing: our own conscience. Let our conscience speak before we decide whether something is right or wrong. We must provide ourselves with as much information as possible from all sides of the story. As wise men say: “Don’t judge the book by its cover.”

Example 2

 A Campaign of the Importance of Reading

Thesis : Reading habit is poor among Indonesians because most people haven’t realized the importance of reading.
Argument : Reading is important to transform knowledge and technology. By reading, one knows the world. He or she will understand what he or she doesn’t see by himself or herself. The lines of the paragraphs in an article contain pieces of knowledge. The knowledge is needed to improve the quality of human’s life. Technology transformation from other country can only be done by reading a lot various sources of literature. Valuable books in libraries and book stores mean nothing if they are no tread.
Argument : Realizing the importance of reading will make someone motivated to read. When we know that something is very important because it can give us valuable information, we will try to get or do the thing. For example, a businessman who always follows latest information or news, will know what to do in his/ her business. He will make a good decision to make a transaction. Most people in all developed countries have realized the importance or reading and they have good reading habits. In bus and train stations, vehicles, waiting rooms, parks, people like reading. They enjoy reading which gives them valuable knowledge and inspiration.
Argument : A good understanding toward the importance of reading can be achieved by well organized and effective campaign. To plant an understanding in a generation’s minds is not an easy job. It needs a hard work from all components of the nation, especially the government. A serious campaign which is organized by the central and local government can help common people wake up and stand to face the real competition. The campaign can be done through various kinds of mass media such as TV, radio, booklets, bulletins, newspapers, magazines. It can also be conducted by teachers,parents and all people who care
Recommendation : Therefore, a nation-wide effective campaign of the importance of reading by all components of the nation should be done, facilitated by the government, to face the tighter competition. The world has forced globalization. Those people with little knowledge will be left behind. To speed up the better change in this country, a good reading habitis really important.

Saturday, 6 April 2013

Narrative Text - ayo belajar bahasa inggris



NARRATIVE  TEXT

Hello readers . . .! Today, I write about narrative text. I am sure that you know about it. Our mother usually read for us when we were child before we went to bed.  I hope this will be useful.

Definition / Definisi :
The narrative text is text that contain imaginations or fairytales. Fairytales are stories which handed down from generations to generations. They are related to the culture of a certain community or country.

Social Function / Commmunicative Purpose / Tujuan  :
To entertain or amuse the readers with fables or fairytales.

Generic Structure of Narrative Text / Struktur :
1.        Orientation :  This is in firstpart, It sets the scene. This part tells where and when the story happened, introduces the characters of the story: who and what is involved in this story.
2.        Complication : The second part of fairytales tells the beginning of the problems of the main chracters.
3.        Resolution : The problem is resolved.

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features :
a.         Use of adjectives to build noun groups to describe people, animals or things in the story
b.        Use time connectives and conjunctions to sequence through time
c.         Use of past tense action verb to indicate the actions in a narrative text

Berikut contoh Teks Naratif :

Example 1 :

How The Dog Found Himself A Master

       You know that the dog is man’s bestfriend. Well, a long time ago, this was not so. Dogs were wild animals and lived in the forest.
       One day one of the dogs decided that it would be fun to have master. He wanted to have someone to give him food and teach him tricks. Someone who could love him and most important – someone he could love.
       So one morning he set out to find a master . He had not gone far when he saw a wolf. It was a huge animal.
       “I think Mr. Wolf will make a good master,” he said to himelf
       So he walked up to the wolf and said, “Mr. Wolf, would you like to be my master?”
       The Wolf was very pleased and said, “I should like that very much indeed.”
       So they both walked along for a while. All of a sudden, the wolf stopped and sniffed the air. Then he cried, “Run for your life!”
       “But why?” asked the dog. “Who are you afraid of, Mr.Wolf?”
       “I’m afraid of the lion,” said the wolf. “He’ll tear me to bits!” Then away he run!
       The dog was very disappointed. “I don’t want a master who’s afraid of anyone,” he said to himself.
       Just then he saw the lion coming, “Why don’t I ask Mr. Lion to be my master?” he said to himself. “Even Mr. Wolf is afraid of him.”
       So he walked up to the lion and said, “Mr. Lion, would you like to be my master?”
       The Lion was very pleased and said, “I should like that very much indeed.”
       Now the dog lived happily with the lion for a few days. One day they were just about to eat when the lion stopped and sniffed the air. Then he said, “Run for your life!”
       “But why?” asked the dog. “Who are you afraid of, Mr.Lion?”
       “I’m afraid of man,” said the lion. “He’s clever, brave and wise, My strength is of no use against his wit.” Saying this the lion took to his heels.
       Now the dog knew what he had to do. He rushed up to the man.
       “Mr. Man, “ he said, “I have been searching for someone like you for a long time. Please be my master.”
       So man became the dog’s master. And ever since men have kept dog and the dog has been Man’s Best Friend!

Example 2 :

Thumbelina

There was once a poor woman who wished very much to have a little child. She went to a fairy godmother who lived near the green meadow in the valley. The woman received a barleycorn seed from the fairy. She went home and planted it in the flower pot. Several days later the seed grew up into a large beautiful flower. Surprisingly, the woman saw a little girl inside the flower. The sweet little girl was as long as  thumb. The woman gave her the name ‘Thumbelina’ because she was so small.

Monday, 25 February 2013

Penjelasan dan Contoh Puisi


MATERI   PUISI 
 
Puisi merupakan bentuk karya sastra yang terkait oleh rima, ritme, ataupun jumlah baris dalam bait, serta ditandai oleh bahasa yang padat.

Unsur intrinsik puisi meliputi unsur isi dan unsur bentuk.

Unsur isi puisi sebagai berikut :

a.  Tema : Inti persoalan yang disampaikan penyair dlam karyanya (pokok pikiran).
b.  Amanat : pesan yang ingin disampaikan.
c.  Nada : sikap penyair terhadap pembaca dalam puisi.
d.  Perasaan : perasaan penyair dalam puisi.

Unsur bentuk puisi sebagai berikut :

a.  Larik : kalimat yang ada dalam puisi.
b.  Bait : kumpulan larik atau baris.
c.  Pertautan antarbait : hubungan antarbait.
d.  Rima(sajak) : persamaan bunyi
     Bunyi merupakan unsur puisi yang mengandung efek keindahan dan tenaga untuk mengekspresikan gagasan. Pola-pola pengulangan bunyi dalam puisi disebut rima. Rima dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yakni rima asonansi  (pengulangan bunyi vokal) dan rima aliterasi (pengulangan bunyi konsonan).
     Pengulangan bunyi vokal (a, i, u, e, o) dan sengau (m, n, ng, ny) dapat menimbulkan efek  merdu dan berirama yang disebut efoni. Bunyi-bunyi ini biasanya menimbulkan kesan kegembiraan, keindahan, kemesraan, kerinduan. Sebaliknya, kombinasi bunyi-bunyi yang tidak merdu dan terkesan parau disebut kakofoni. Bunyi ini terkesan berirama berat (k, p, t, s, b, d, m) biasanya untuk menimbulkan kesan kekacauan, kekuatan, tekanan, atau kehancuran.
e.  Diksi : pilihan kata
    Agar puisi dapat menimbulkan efek keindahan dan menghidupkan imajinasi pembaca, maka penyair sebaiknya mempertimbangkan penggunaan kata denotatif (bermakna lugas), kata konotatif (bermakna tidak lugas), bahasa kiasan, dan citraan.  

Puisi baru 

Pengelompokan puisi baru hanya berdasar atas jumlah baris tiap bait. Puisi yang jumlah baitnya sama dikelompokkan pada jenis yang sama. Jenis-jenisnya adalah :

a.  distikon : puisi dua baris pada tiap baitnya
b.  terzina : puisi tiga baris pada tiap baitnya
c.  kuartin : puisi empat baris pada tiap baitnya
d.  kuint : puisi lima baris pada tiap baitnya
e.  sektet : puisi enam baris pada tiap baitnya
f.  septina : puisi tujuh baris pada tiap baitnya
g.  oktavo / stanza : puisi delapan baris pada tiap baitnya
h.  puisi baru : puisi yang jumlah baris pada tiap baitnya tidak tentu.

contoh puisi :

                     Rindu
Menguras air mata serasa tak pernah habis
Setiap tetesnya membawa rindu ku untuk mu
Tak pernahkah kau melihat ataupun merasa
rindu yang terus mengikutiku ini ?

Angin berhembus mencoba menghapus air mataku
Tapi entah kenapa tetap tak mau menghilang
Pepohonan pun berayun - ayun ikut menghibur
Tapi tetap saja aku larut dalam kerinduan

Aku merasa seperti orang bodoh
Memanggil namamu
Meski tau kau tak kan datang
Menatap foto – fotomu
Berharap suatu hari akan ada yang menjadi nyata

Lelah pikiranku terus merindukan mu
Habis semua daya ku untuk menunggu
Tapi terus saja ku ulangi semua ini

by : Yuanita A.